The 58th Hiroshima University Biomass Evening Seminar
(The 23rd Hiroshima University ACE Seminar)was held.
Date & Time: Wed .8 Nov., 2017 16:20-17:50
Place: Engineering 110 Lecture Room, Higashi-Hiroshima Campus, Hiroshima University
<Program>
Commentary: Yukihiko MATSUMURA
Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
Lecture: Yoshiko OKAMURA
Associate Professor,Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University
“Summary of CREST project; Wastewater treatment, metal recovery and bio-oil production from macroalgae fermentation residues.”
The big goal of our CREST team is a complete utilization of macroalgae as energy and material resources, or zero waste.
Therefore, we screened and collected photosynthetic bacteria for metal removal and recovery and clarified their adsorption mechanism. As a result, metals were removed and recovered completely.
Moreover, the bacterium that can convert organic acids into low molecular oil was obtained. This bacterium achieved complete consumption of organic acids in actual methane fermentation residues. It is suggested that modified cultivation methods can realize bio-oil production from wastewater.
Lecture: Apip AMRULLAH
D2 Student,Graduate School of Engineering,Hiroshima University
“Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment Condition on Morphology Structures of Sewage Sludge”
The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature for morphology structure of sewage sludge during hydrothermal treatment. Hydrothermal treatment is a promising option for pretreatment of organic waste, due to its low energy consumption. If needed, contribution to increasing fuel energy density or effective drying is also achieved. Hydrothermal treatment results in destruction of organic cell structures, but the experimental investigation on the effect of temperature on morphology structure of sewage sludge has not been studied well. In this study, sewage sludge was treated hydrothermally using continuous reactor in the temperature range of 130-250oC under the fix pressure of 5 MPa. The liquid sample was analyzed using a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer to quantify the total carbon present in the liquid (nonpurgeable organic carbon, NPOC) and in the dissolved gaseous product (inorganic carbon,IC). The solid sample was observed using ZEN microscope 2.3 blue edition, with objective LD A-Plan 40x/0.55 Ph1 and Magnification 40x. It was indicated that the cell of sewage sludge was broken and the total organic carbon (TOC) increased with increasing temperature.
Lecture: Rahmat Iman Mainil
D1 Student,Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
“Glyceraldehyde Decomposition in Sub- and Supercritical Water”
The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of glyceraldehyde decomposition in subcritical and supercritical water. Glyceraldehyde is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula C3H6O3. It was chosen as feedstock to understand more about behaviour of retro aldol reaction in supercritical gasification of xylose. This study will explain the reactions and intermediate compounds which has not clearly found in decomposition of xylose. The experiment was investigated by dissolving glyceraldehyde in deionzed water and then heated in the temperature range of 350 – 450 0C with fix pressure 25 MPa in a continous reactor. High-performance liquid comatography (HPLC) was used to identify componds existing in the liquid effluent. The intermediates observed in this study were retro-aldol products (glycolaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone), and organic acids (acetic acid and formic acid). The reaction kinetics were determined by assuming all reaction are first-order. Arrehenius behaviour was used to classify the reaction as free-radical reactions (showing Arrehenius behaviour in supercritical region) and as ionic reactions (not showing Arrehenius behaviour in supercritical region).
Chair: Nattacha PAKSUNG
Researcher , Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University